Types of Documentaries

 Types of Documentaries



As I am hoping to create a documentary for this project, it was important to research the theories, which include the typical codes and conventions. From there, I would be able to decide which ones will be best suited for my own ideas.

There are six main theories, broken down by Bill Nichols in 'Introduction to Documentary'. He identifies the different traits of each mode. Analysing his theories will aid in my own project as I can identify the most applicable traits to what I intend to make.

I found this presentation extremely beneficial in my initial research into documentaries, as it outlined the meaning of each, what is typically found in each and even included examples.




The first type is poetic. This mode of documentary lacks a clear narrative thrust and a linear continuity, but instead creates specific moods and tones through arranging images and sounds. It is an abstract representation of the reality, specifically told through visuals. It allows the documentarian to be creative with how they present their content. Nichols' states that this mode of editing explores "associations and patterns that involve temporal rhythms and spatial juxtapositions". The distortions of reality result in poetical manipulation.

 

The second type is expository, where the narrator talks directly to the audience and the footage shown supports the points being made. The audience are then being made to view the pictures/videos being shown in a certain way, created by the 'voice of God' narrations.


Next is participatory documentaries. This is where the narrator directly there and interacts with the subjects. The inclusion of the documentary-maker means that it can be quite biased, as they have complete influence over the facts.


Reflexive mode involves the narrator acknowledging their own presence. They almost work alongside the audience, aiding them and making them reflect and what is true or what is false. This mode is notorious for being most truthful and has the most similarities to participatory documentaries.


The next mode is performative, which shows personal opinions on certain events / issues. This mode is extremely personal and footage highlights the connection between the documentary maker and the chosen subject.


Lastly, there is observatory documentaries. This mode typically records everyday life. Viewers can see events in which they occur and come to their own conclusions based on what can be seen. There is a much more passive way of collecting information with this documentary type, meaning that more often than not, emotional responses are shown from audiences. 




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